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This survey provides a comprehensive taxonomy of learning-based motion planning, analyzing how machine learning integrates with classical algorithms to handle dynamic obstacles in robotics and autonomous systems. It critically evaluates key challenges such as the sim-to-real gap and safety certification while outlining future directions for embodied AI research. The work serves as an essential reference for understanding the evolution from foundational algorithmic approaches to emerging data-driven paradigms in complex environments.
Learning-Based Motion Planning for Dynamic Environments: From Foundational Algorithms to Emerging Paradigms
arXiv:2608.00625v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Motion planning in dynamic environments is a fundamental problem in robotics, aiming to generate safe and efficient paths, trajectories, or control actions in the presence of moving obstacles, uncertain predictions, and multi-agent interactions. It has broad applications in autonomous driving, service robotics, warehouse logistics, human-robot collaboration, crowd navigation, and multi-robot systems. This survey reviews representative works published primarily between 2015 and 2025, with a particular focus on how recent learning-based advances extend, complement, or interact with classical planning foundations. We first revisit classical planning methods as algorithmic foundations and reference frameworks for learning-based extensions. We then propose a role-of-learning taxonomy that categorizes existing methods according to how learning participates in the planning pipeline, including direct policy learning, learning-augmented classical planning, hybrid planning, and training enhancement methods. For each category, we summarize the main problem settings, representative algorithms, key ideas, integration mechanisms, strengths, and limitations. We further analyze how observation representations, prediction uncertainty, interaction modeling, planner integration, safety constraints, and training strategies shape learning-based motion planning in dynamic environments. Finally, we discuss open challenges and future directions, including sim-to-real gap, safe and certifiable planning, dense crowd navigation, perception-planning coupling, and embodied AI.
Abstract:Motion planning in dynamic environments is a fundamental problem in robotics, aiming to generate safe and efficient paths, trajectories, or control actions in the presence of moving obstacles, uncertain predictions, and multi-agent interactions. It has broad applications in autonomous driving, service robotics, warehouse logistics, human-robot collaboration, crowd navigation, and multi-robot systems. This survey reviews representative works published primarily between 2015 and 2025, with a particular focus on how recent learning-based advances extend, complement, or interact with classical planning foundations. We first revisit classical planning methods as algorithmic foundations and reference frameworks for learning-based extensions. We then propose a role-of-learning taxonomy that categorizes existing methods according to how learning participates in the planning pipeline, including direct policy learning, learning-augmented classical planning, hybrid planning, and training enhancement methods. For each category, we summarize the main problem settings, representative algorithms, key ideas, integration mechanisms, strengths, and limitations. We further analyze how observation representations, prediction uncertainty, interaction modeling, planner integration, safety constraints, and training strategies shape learning-based motion planning in dynamic environments. Finally, we discuss open challenges and future directions, including sim-to-real gap, safe and certifiable planning, dense crowd navigation, perception-planning coupling, and embodied AI.
Robotics (cs.RO); Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
arXiv:2608.00625 [cs.RO]
(or arXiv:2608.00625v1 [cs.RO] for this version)
https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2608.00625 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration)
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