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This research introduces MREF-AD, a Mixture-of-Experts framework that adaptively fuses multimodal neuroimaging data to improve Alzheimer's diagnosis while offering interpretable insights into regional biomarker contributions. By treating mesoscopic brain regions as independent experts with subject-specific gating weights, the model outperforms standard concatenation baselines and provides transparent reasoning for clinical decision-making. The work advances machine learning in healthcare by bridging high-performance prediction with explainability through structured expert fusion architectures.
Interpretable Alzheimer's Diagnosis via Multimodal Fusion of Regional Brain Experts
arXiv:2512.10966v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Accurate and early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is critical for effective intervention and requires integrating complementary information from multimodal neuroimaging data. However, conventional fusion approaches often rely on simple concatenation of features, which cannot adaptively balance the contributions of biomarkers such as amyloid PET and MRI across brain regions. In this work, we propose MREF-AD, a Multimodal Regional Expert Fusion model for AD diagnosis. It is a Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) framework that models mesoscopic brain regions within each modality as independent experts and employs a gating network to learn subject-specific fusion weights. Utilizing tabular neuroimaging and demographic information from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI), MREF-AD achieves competitive performance over strong classic and deep baselines while providing interpretable, modality- and region-level insight into how structural and molecular imaging jointly contribute to AD diagnosis. The source code is available at https://github.com/PennShenLab/mref-ad.
Abstract:Accurate and early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is critical for effective intervention and requires integrating complementary information from multimodal neuroimaging data. However, conventional fusion approaches often rely on simple concatenation of features, which cannot adaptively balance the contributions of biomarkers such as amyloid PET and MRI across brain regions. In this work, we propose MREF-AD, a Multimodal Regional Expert Fusion model for AD diagnosis. It is a Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) framework that models mesoscopic brain regions within each modality as independent experts and employs a gating network to learn subject-specific fusion weights. Utilizing tabular neuroimaging and demographic information from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI), MREF-AD achieves competitive performance over strong classic and deep baselines while providing interpretable, modality- and region-level insight into how structural and molecular imaging jointly contribute to AD diagnosis. The source code is available at this https URL.
Machine Learning (cs.LG); Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI); Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV); Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
arXiv:2512.10966 [cs.LG]
(or arXiv:2512.10966v3 [cs.LG] for this version)
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