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This study demonstrates that algorithmic advice in competitive markets can act as a strategic signal to facilitate tacit collusion without explicit communication. The research highlights the critical importance of designing decision-support systems that prevent biased recommendations from distorting market equilibrium and enabling anti-competitive outcomes. These findings are central to understanding the societal implications and regulatory challenges surrounding AI deployment in economic environments.
Individualized Algorithmic Advice as a Strategic Signal on Competitive Markets
arXiv:2511.09454v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: As algorithms increasingly mediate competitive decision-making, their influence extends beyond individual outcomes to shaping strategic market dynamics. In our experiment, we examined how algorithmic advice affects human behavior in a classic economic game with a unique, non-collusive, and analytically traceable equilibrium. Participants (N = 129) played a Cournot quantity competition with equilibrium-aligned or strategically biased algorithmic recommendations. While individualized equilibrium advice supported stable convergence, collusively downward-biased advice led to sustained underproduction and supracompetitive profits - hallmarks of tacit collusion. Participants' quantities converged faster and more consistently toward individualized than collective equilibrium advice, potentially due to an objective quality advantage or greater perceived ownership of the former. These findings demonstrate that algorithmic advice can function as a strategic signal, shaping coordination even without explicit communication. The results echo real-world concerns about algorithmic collusion and underscore the need for careful design and oversight of algorithmic decision-support systems in competitive environments.
Abstract:As algorithms increasingly mediate competitive decision-making, their influence extends beyond individual outcomes to shaping strategic market dynamics. In our experiment, we examined how algorithmic advice affects human behavior in a classic economic game with a unique, non-collusive, and analytically traceable equilibrium. Participants (N = 129) played a Cournot quantity competition with equilibrium-aligned or strategically biased algorithmic recommendations. While individualized equilibrium advice supported stable convergence, collusively downward-biased advice led to sustained underproduction and supracompetitive profits - hallmarks of tacit collusion. Participants' quantities converged faster and more consistently toward individualized than collective equilibrium advice, potentially due to an objective quality advantage or greater perceived ownership of the former. These findings demonstrate that algorithmic advice can function as a strategic signal, shaping coordination even without explicit communication. The results echo real-world concerns about algorithmic collusion and underscore the need for careful design and oversight of algorithmic decision-support systems in competitive environments.
Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC); Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI); Computers and Society (cs.CY); Computer Science and Game Theory (cs.GT); General Economics (econ.GN)
arXiv:2511.09454 [cs.HC]
(or arXiv:2511.09454v2 [cs.HC] for this version)
From: Tobias R. Rebholz [view email] [v1] Wed, 12 Nov 2025 16:14:27 UTC (764 KB) [v2] Mon, 31 Aug 2026 19:46:28 UTC (1,178 KB)
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