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This research investigates the internal mechanisms of Large Language Models responsible for time-sensitive factual recall, moving beyond standard attention heads to map specific MLP features via transcoder circuit tracing. By analyzing models like Gemma 2 and LLaMA 3.2, the study reveals that temporal information is processed through a complex, parallel interplay rather than a linear pipeline, offering new pathways for targeted interventions against temporal misalignment.
Identifying Temporal Features within Transcoders for Time Sensitive Factual Recall
arXiv:2609.33183v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large Language Models (LLMs) suffer from temporal misalignment, often due to the contradictory nature of their training corpora. While current mitigation strategies rely on computationally expensive fine-tuning or context-heavy retrieval augmented generation (RAG), the internal mechanisms governing time-sensitive recall remain under-explored. Unlike prior studies that identify temporal components such as attention heads and MLP layers, we provide the first feature-level map of temporal recall by isolating individual MLP features via transcoder circuit tracing. We identify three node categories (common temporal, common to the year, and chrono-semantic) which interact to generate a temporal filter during factual recall. By analysing Gemma 2 2B, LLaMA 3.2 1B, and Qwen3-4B, we show that these features do not follow a simple linear pipeline but represent time through a parallel and mixed syntactic-semantic interplay across layers. We additionally discover a class of higher-layer temporal components invisible to existing EAP-IG methods, establishing transcoders as a more complete lens for temporal interpretability in time-sensitive factual recall. These findings present MLP components for potential targeted interventions in time-sensitive factual recall
Abstract:Large Language Models (LLMs) suffer from temporal misalignment, often due to the contradictory nature of their training corpora. While current mitigation strategies rely on computationally expensive fine-tuning or context-heavy retrieval augmented generation (RAG), the internal mechanisms governing time-sensitive recall remain under-explored. Unlike prior studies that identify temporal components such as attention heads and MLP layers, we provide the first feature-level map of temporal recall by isolating individual MLP features via transcoder circuit tracing. We identify three node categories (common temporal, common to the year, and chrono-semantic) which interact to generate a temporal filter during factual recall. By analysing Gemma 2 2B, LLaMA 3.2 1B, and Qwen3-4B, we show that these features do not follow a simple linear pipeline but represent time through a parallel and mixed syntactic-semantic interplay across layers. We additionally discover a class of higher-layer temporal components invisible to existing EAP-IG methods, establishing transcoders as a more complete lens for temporal interpretability in time-sensitive factual recall. These findings present MLP components for potential targeted interventions in time-sensitive factual recall
Computation and Language (cs.CL); Machine Learning (cs.LG)
arXiv:2609.33183 [cs.CL]
(or arXiv:2609.33183v1 [cs.CL] for this version)
https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2609.33183 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration)
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