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This arXiv paper proposes a way to improve LLM agents without changing the underlying model: it evolves the agent's prompts, tools, and workflows using lineage-aware context and error-targeted child generation. The reported gains are a up-to-14.45% relative improvement in case accuracy over the strongest baseline, with matching performance at 2-4x lower evaluation cost. These results are on planning benchmarks and self-reported, so readers should check how broadly they generalize beyond the authors' tasks and setup.
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HGM-Dual: Lineage-Aware Guided Agent Harness Optimization for Long-Horizon Planning

arXiv3 min de cititArticolul și perspectiva sunt în engleză.

arXiv:2610.30042v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Harness optimization, which improves an agent's prompts, tools, and workflows, is an increasingly effective way to enhance agents built on frozen or closed-source LLMs. Leading approaches such as the Darwin--Godel Machine and the Huxley--Godel Machine (HGM) rely on recursive self-improvement and were developed mainly for coding, where the competence needed to improve the agent coincides with the competence being improved. Planning tasks, in which an agent must produce a sequence of tool calls that jointly satisfies interacting constraints, break this alignment. There, open-ended self-modification repeatedly explores ineffective changes and consumes substantial evaluation budgets. We introduce HGM-Dual, a diagnostic-guided framework for budget-efficient harness evolution for planning agents. First, HGM-Dual represents agent evolution as lineage-aware context. This context records what each ancestor changed, which behaviors improved or regressed, and which modifications were ineffective, giving the editor explicit edit-outcome attribution instead of an unstructured archive of past agents. Second, HGM-Dual introduces error-conditioned dual-path child generation. For each selected parent, it generates a general child that preserves open-ended exploration and specialized children that target the harness components most likely responsible for the parent's highest-ranked constraint violations. HGM-Dual outperforms the strongest baseline by up to 14.45% relative improvement in case accuracy while matching HGM variants' final performance with 2x-4x fewer evaluation budget.

Abstract:Harness optimization, which improves an agent's prompts, tools, and workflows, is an increasingly effective way to enhance agents built on frozen or closed-source LLMs. Leading approaches such as the Darwin--Godel Machine and the Huxley--Godel Machine (HGM) rely on recursive self-improvement and were developed mainly for coding, where the competence needed to improve the agent coincides with the competence being improved. Planning tasks, in which an agent must produce a sequence of tool calls that jointly satisfies interacting constraints, break this alignment. There, open-ended self-modification repeatedly explores ineffective changes and consumes substantial evaluation budgets. We introduce HGM-Dual, a diagnostic-guided framework for budget-efficient harness evolution for planning agents. First, HGM-Dual represents agent evolution as lineage-aware context. This context records what each ancestor changed, which behaviors improved or regressed, and which modifications were ineffective, giving the editor explicit edit-outcome attribution instead of an unstructured archive of past agents. Second, HGM-Dual introduces error-conditioned dual-path child generation. For each selected parent, it generates a general child that preserves open-ended exploration and specialized children that target the harness components most likely responsible for the parent's highest-ranked constraint violations. HGM-Dual outperforms the strongest baseline by up to 14.45% relative improvement in case accuracy while matching HGM variants' final performance with 2x-4x fewer evaluation budget.

Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI); Machine Learning (cs.LG); Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)

arXiv:2610.30042 [cs.AI]

(or arXiv:2610.30042v1 [cs.AI] for this version)

https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2610.30042 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration)

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