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This paper addresses a critical theoretical debate regarding whether observing gravity-induced entanglement definitively proves the quantum nature of gravity or if classical field theories can also account for such phenomena. By re-evaluating the assumptions in existing no-go theorems, the authors argue that simple detection is insufficient to rule out a classical gravitational field without further quantitative comparisons in the low-energy regime. Consequently, the field must move beyond binary "theory-independent" claims toward rigorous testing of specific theoretical predictions to determine the fundamental nature of gravity.
Gravity-induced entanglement is not a theory-independent witness of nonclassicality of the gravitational field
arXiv:2511.02683v5 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Gravity-induced entanglement (GIE) experiments have been proposed as a theory-independent test of the quantum nature of gravity, on the strength of several no-go theorems concluding that GIE detection implies the gravitational interaction is either nonlocal or nonclassical. This is in apparent tension with a growing number of papers claiming that theories with a classical gravitational field do predict GIE. This article resolves the tension by reviewing the assumptions of the no-go theorems and highlighting the information-theoretic, rather than spatiotemporal, nature of the locality assumption. This makes violating locality not particularly problematic. Indeed, quantum electrodynamics and perturbative quantum gravity are nonlocal in the sense of the theorems. Thus, simple detection GIE is not sufficient to rule out a classical gravitational field and we will need quantitative comparison of theoretical predictions in the low-energy quantum gravity regime to test whether the gravitational field is quantum or classical.
Abstract:Gravity-induced entanglement (GIE) experiments have been proposed as a theory-independent test of the quantum nature of gravity, on the strength of several no-go theorems concluding that GIE detection implies the gravitational interaction is either nonlocal or nonclassical. This is in apparent tension with a growing number of papers claiming that theories with a classical gravitational field do predict GIE. This article resolves the tension by reviewing the assumptions of the no-go theorems and highlighting the information-theoretic, rather than spatiotemporal, nature of the locality assumption. This makes violating locality not particularly problematic. Indeed, quantum electrodynamics and perturbative quantum gravity are nonlocal in the sense of the theorems. Thus, simple detection GIE is not sufficient to rule out a classical gravitational field and we will need quantitative comparison of theoretical predictions in the low-energy quantum gravity regime to test whether the gravitational field is quantum or classical.
11 pages, improved version accepted for publication in PRD. previous versions of this manuscript used to be titled "The simple reason why classical gravity can entangle," which is now the title of an essay (this https URL)
arXiv:2511.02683 [gr-qc]
(or arXiv:2511.02683v5 [gr-qc] for this version)
https://doi.org/10.1103/r8ry-sp35 DOI(s) linking to related resources
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