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This research demonstrates a passive graphene-based thermoelectric bolometer capable of detecting ultra-low power levels ($10^{-16}$ W) with nanosecond response times, directly leveraging quantum materials for high-sensitivity sensing. The device's ability to convert input power into voltage without external bias offers significant advantages in heat budget and fabrication scalability for large-scale cosmological experiments. Such advancements represent a tangible step forward in applying graphene physics to next-generation astronomical instrumentation and faint signal detection.
Graphene Junctions Detect 10−16 W Power With 200ns Response

Graphene-insulator-superconductor junctions are demonstrated as thermoelectric bolometers, capable of detecting power levels around 10−16 W with a response time of approximately 200 ns. This passive device directly converts input power to voltage, showing potential for applications like large-array cosmological experiments.
Researchers have developed a graphene-based detector capable of sensing a faint $10^{-16}$ watts of power, a threshold comparable to detecting just a few photons at certain frequencies. The device, a graphene-insulator-superconductor junction acting as a thermoelectric bolometer, achieves this sensitivity without requiring an external power source, directly converting incoming power into a measurable voltage. Numerical simulations reveal a response time of approximately 200 nanoseconds, allowing…
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