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This research introduces a graph neural network combined with reinforcement learning to optimize logical qubit allocation in fault-tolerant quantum architectures. By predicting ancilla-qubit costs before circuit execution, the framework reduces resource overhead by 36.7% compared to existing baselines, addressing a critical bottleneck in scaling quantum processors. The approach effectively fuses circuit topology with physical chip geometry to improve the efficiency of magic state utilization.
Graph neural network predicts qubit routing costs
A new reinforcement-learning framework uses a graph neural network to predict ancilla-qubit cost for logical qubit allocation, improving fault-tolerant quantum architectures.
Tian Li, Tan Li, and Wansu Bao of Henan Key Laboratory of Quantum Information and Cryptography have developed a graph-based reinforcement-learning framework to address logical qubit allocation, a critical compilation problem for fault-tolerant quantum architectures. The work demonstrates a method for assigning circuit qubits to chip tiles while minimizing the ancilla-qubit cost, the number of extra workspace qubits needed for circuit execution, and maintaining access to essential quantum resources. Evaluated on MQTBench circuits, the allocator reduces average ancilla-qubit cost by 36.7% compared to the ECMAS+ baseline, achieving lower costs in 57 of 64 qubit-size bins and establishing learned allocation as a scalable paradigm. A newly developed graph neural network (GNN) predicts…
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