Global multimode squeezing in a train of ultrashort pulses from unbalanced SU(1,1) interferometers

Abstract:Time-domain multiplexed continuous-variable quantum states provide a promising route toward large-scale quantum networks. Existing platforms are based on continuous-wave pumped optical parametric systems, where the durations of temporal modes are on the order of nanoseconds. Here we demonstrate the time-domain multiplexed squeezing localized in a train of ultrashort pulses by exploiting unbalanced SU(1,1) interferometer (USUI) with a mode-locked laser serving as pump. Using the pulse-resolved measurement, we reveal the correlation structure of the state is unique and fundamentally different from previous approaches. To reach the ideal intensity squeezing, in principle, both the gain of USUI and mode number $M$ involved in joint measurement should tend to infinity, illustrating the feature of global multimode squeezing. We conduct proof-of-principle experiments, in which the temporal mode duration is down to 10 ps. We verify the intensity squeezing degree $R_d$ depends on both the gain of USUI and $M$. The results show $R_d$ improves with the increase of $M$ for $M<10$ and $R_d$ is lower than shot noise level by $\sim0.9$ dB for $M>10$ when the gain of USUI is fixed. Our investigations demonstrate the emission from high gain USUI is novel, which not only possesses the unique coherent feature but also enables the realization of ultra-large-scale quantum states.

arXiv:2605.17798 [quant-ph]

(or arXiv:2605.17798v3 [quant-ph] for this version)