GLIDE: Generalized Layer-wise Intrinsic Distributional Evaluation for Heterogeneous LLM Agents

arXiv:2609.32295v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: LLM agents require reliable step-level evaluation to compare candidate branches and allocate computation effectively. However, lightweight evaluation remains challenging. External verifiers introduce additional inference cost, while agent-produced confidence or self-evaluation scores can be miscalibrated, especially when candidates are generated by heterogeneous agents. We propose \textbf{G}eneralized \textbf{L}ayer-wise \textbf{I}ntrinsic \textbf{D}istributional \textbf{E}valuation (\textbf{GLIDE}) for LLM agents. \textsc{GLIDE} derives intrinsic step evidence from layer-wise residual coherence, which measures whether local residual updates consistently support the global residual change induced by a candidate step. It calibrates this evidence against the recent score distribution of the generating agent and converts it into a pessimistic reward that jointly accounts for absolute residual evidence and agent-relative standing. The reward provides a cross-agent value signal for MCTS branch selection, while normalized predictive uncertainty guides adaptive branching. Experiments on multi-hop reasoning, sequential decision making, and symbolic logic show that \textsc{GLIDE} improves task performance, step-level ranking quality, and computational efficiency without external verifiers or task-specific supervision.

Abstract:LLM agents require reliable step-level evaluation to compare candidate branches and allocate computation effectively. However, lightweight evaluation remains challenging. External verifiers introduce additional inference cost, while agent-produced confidence or self-evaluation scores can be miscalibrated, especially when candidates are generated by heterogeneous agents. We propose \textbf{G}eneralized \textbf{L}ayer-wise \textbf{I}ntrinsic \textbf{D}istributional \textbf{E}valuation (\textbf{GLIDE}) for LLM agents. \textsc{GLIDE} derives intrinsic step evidence from layer-wise residual coherence, which measures whether local residual updates consistently support the global residual change induced by a candidate step. It calibrates this evidence against the recent score distribution of the generating agent and converts it into a pessimistic reward that jointly accounts for absolute residual evidence and agent-relative standing. The reward provides a cross-agent value signal for MCTS branch selection, while normalized predictive uncertainty guides adaptive branching. Experiments on multi-hop reasoning, sequential decision making, and symbolic logic show that \textsc{GLIDE} improves task performance, step-level ranking quality, and computational efficiency without external verifiers or task-specific supervision.

Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI); Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)

arXiv:2609.32295 [cs.AI]

(or arXiv:2609.32295v1 [cs.AI] for this version)

https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2609.32295 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration)

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GLIDE: Generalized Layer-wise Intrinsic Distributional Evaluation for Heterogeneous LLM Agents

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