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GLAMDRING represents a significant methodological advance in robotics by using reinforcement learning to co-optimize robot morphology and locomotion controllers simultaneously. This approach ensures that the physical hardware design is intrinsically matched to its gait policy, which is essential for operating effectively in unstructured environments like disaster zones or agricultural fields. By resolving mechanical linkages post-hoc based on learned policies, the framework drastically reduces the computational cost of synthesizing viable quadruped robots.
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GLAMDRING: Gait Learning And Morphology co-Design via Reinforcement LearnING of CPGs

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arXiv:2609.19452v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Robots are moving out of the structured factory floor and into unstructured environments such as disaster sites, planetary surfaces, and agricultural fields, for which the right robot often does not yet exist. We present GLAMDRING, a framework that synthesizes the optimal robot for a locomotion task and, jointly, learns the controller that drives it. For the given specifications of forward-velocity bounds, a per-actuator power budget, an actuator library, and a payload requirement, GLAMDRING returns a matched quadruped morphology (link geometry and per-joint actuators) and a Hopf-oscillator Central Pattern Generator (CPG) gait policy. We rank feasible designs against a target design objective, viz., maximum speed, minimum Cost of Transport (CoT), or max Payload Margin. Because body and locomotion are coupled, the optimal morphology dictates how a robot is driven, while optimal gait depends on the physical body. We train a small number of CPG policies by reinforcement learning across the space of candidate morphologies, co-learning the gait with the underlying robot hardware. Link lengths and actuators are then resolved post-hoc from the policy's logged operating envelope, reducing synthesis cost to a small, fixed number of reinforcement-learning runs instead of one per candidate. Our experiments show three key findings: co-designing body and gait is necessary to satisfy locomotion constraints; actuator-envelope feasibility, rather than locomotion success alone, determines realizable payload capacity; and canonical animal gaits emerge naturally in most designs from morphology and constraints alone. A real-world demonstration further highlights the efficacy of our work.

Abstract:Robots are moving out of the structured factory floor and into unstructured environments such as disaster sites, planetary surfaces, and agricultural fields, for which the right robot often does not yet exist. We present GLAMDRING, a framework that synthesizes the optimal robot for a locomotion task and, jointly, learns the controller that drives it. For the given specifications of forward-velocity bounds, a per-actuator power budget, an actuator library, and a payload requirement, GLAMDRING returns a matched quadruped morphology (link geometry and per-joint actuators) and a Hopf-oscillator Central Pattern Generator (CPG) gait policy. We rank feasible designs against a target design objective, viz., maximum speed, minimum Cost of Transport (CoT), or max Payload Margin. Because body and locomotion are coupled, the optimal morphology dictates how a robot is driven, while optimal gait depends on the physical body. We train a small number of CPG policies by reinforcement learning across the space of candidate morphologies, co-learning the gait with the underlying robot hardware. Link lengths and actuators are then resolved post-hoc from the policy's logged operating envelope, reducing synthesis cost to a small, fixed number of reinforcement-learning runs instead of one per candidate. Our experiments show three key findings: co-designing body and gait is necessary to satisfy locomotion constraints; actuator-envelope feasibility, rather than locomotion success alone, determines realizable payload capacity; and canonical animal gaits emerge naturally in most designs from morphology and constraints alone. A real-world demonstration further highlights the efficacy of our work.

Robotics (cs.RO); Machine Learning (cs.LG)

arXiv:2609.19452 [cs.RO]

(or arXiv:2609.19452v1 [cs.RO] for this version)

https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2609.19452 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration)

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