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This study establishes rigorous theoretical bounds for distributing polarization entanglement over optical fibers, accounting for realistic impairments like polarization mode dispersion and detector noise. By defining the ultimate repeaterless performance limits under optimal classical communication, the work provides a critical benchmark for validating long-distance quantum communication protocols.
Fundamental Limits on Polarization Entanglement Distribution in Optical Fiber
arXiv:2603.04502v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Characterizing the ultimate rates of entanglement distribution is essential for both foundational research and the practical deployment of quantum technologies. To investigate these limits, we introduce an erasure-Pauli channel model describing the distribution of polarization entanglement in optical fiber. For this channel, we derive bounds on the rates of entanglement distribution and related quantum resources under optimal local operations and two-way classical communication (two-way assisted capacities). This framework allows us to determine the optimal repeaterless performance achievable over realistic optical fibers affected by polarization mode dispersion, thereby providing a rigorous benchmark for long-distance polarization-based quantum communication. Finally, we show that both our model and capacity bounds remain robust under the inclusion of detector dark counts.
Abstract:Characterizing the ultimate rates of entanglement distribution is essential for both foundational research and the practical deployment of quantum technologies. To investigate these limits, we introduce an erasure-Pauli channel model describing the distribution of polarization entanglement in optical fiber. For this channel, we derive bounds on the rates of entanglement distribution and related quantum resources under optimal local operations and two-way classical communication (two-way assisted capacities). This framework allows us to determine the optimal repeaterless performance achievable over realistic optical fibers affected by polarization mode dispersion, thereby providing a rigorous benchmark for long-distance polarization-based quantum communication. Finally, we show that both our model and capacity bounds remain robust under the inclusion of detector dark counts.
REVTeX. 5 pages. 2 Figures
Quantum Physics (quant-ph); Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other); Applied Physics (physics.app-ph); Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det); Optics (physics.optics)
arXiv:2603.04502 [quant-ph]
(or arXiv:2603.04502v2 [quant-ph] for this version)
Phys. Rev. Research 8, 033222 (2026)
https://doi.org/10.1103/xqrp-xrby DOI(s) linking to related resources
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