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This research introduces STRP, a framework that enables accurate fine-grained traffic predictions by learning from coarse-grained historical data, effectively bypassing the storage and computational costs of collecting high-frequency observations. By integrating tree convolution for spatial modeling with inverse dilated convolution for temporal extrapolation, the method addresses a critical bottleneck in spatio-temporal data systems where downstream applications often require higher temporal resolution than is economically feasible to store. The approach offers a practical solution for optimizing resource usage in traffic management systems without sacrificing prediction accuracy or interpretability.
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From Coarse to Fine: Managing Temporal Granularity in Spatio-Temporal Data for Fine-Grained Traffic Prediction

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arXiv:2606.09392v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Efficient acquisition, storage, and utilization of traffic data are critical challenges in spatio-temporal data management. Most traffic data systems collect and store observations at fixed, coarse-grained temporal intervals to reduce storage and computation costs. However, such coarse-grained data severely limits downstream applications that require predictions at a finer temporal granularity. Collecting and maintaining fine-grained traffic data across all locations and time periods would impose a substantial burden on database storage and preprocessing pipelines. To address this temporal granularity mismatch, we formulate a novel problem: predicting fine-grained future traffic using coarse-grained sampled data. We propose the Spatial-Temporal Refinement Predictor (STRP), a granularity-aware framework for spatio-temporal data systems. STRP integrates two components: Tree Convolution for efficient and interpretable spatial dependency modeling, and Inverse Dilated Convolution for progressive temporal extrapolation. STRP supports two practical prediction settings: window-based and duration-based, to handle different forms of granularity mismatch. Experiments on six benchmark datasets show that STRP significantly outperforms state-of-the-art baselines in both accuracy and efficiency. Our work offers a practical and interpretable approach to managing granularity mismatches in spatio-temporal traffic data systems.

Abstract:Efficient acquisition, storage, and utilization of traffic data are critical challenges in spatio-temporal data management. Most traffic data systems collect and store observations at fixed, coarse-grained temporal intervals to reduce storage and computation costs. However, such coarse-grained data severely limits downstream applications that require predictions at a finer temporal granularity. Collecting and maintaining fine-grained traffic data across all locations and time periods would impose a substantial burden on database storage and preprocessing pipelines. To address this temporal granularity mismatch, we formulate a novel problem: predicting fine-grained future traffic using coarse-grained sampled data. We propose the Spatial-Temporal Refinement Predictor (STRP), a granularity-aware framework for spatio-temporal data systems. STRP integrates two components: Tree Convolution for efficient and interpretable spatial dependency modeling, and Inverse Dilated Convolution for progressive temporal extrapolation. STRP supports two practical prediction settings: window-based and duration-based, to handle different forms of granularity mismatch. Experiments on six benchmark datasets show that STRP significantly outperforms state-of-the-art baselines in both accuracy and efficiency. Our work offers a practical and interpretable approach to managing granularity mismatches in spatio-temporal traffic data systems.

Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)

arXiv:2606.09392 [cs.AI]

(or arXiv:2606.09392v1 [cs.AI] for this version)

https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2606.09392 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration)

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