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This research addresses the critical challenge of adapting image forgery localization models to emerging manipulation techniques without forgetting previously learned forensic knowledge. By introducing a continual learning framework that dynamically routes spatial forensic cues and suppresses conflicting updates, the authors establish a new benchmark for robust digital forensics in evolving threat landscapes. The work is significant for security practitioners seeking AI systems capable of maintaining high detection accuracy as image editing tools advance.
Forensic-Aware Continual Adaptation for Image Forgery Localization
arXiv:2609.38251v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The rapid evolution of image manipulation techniques has raised growing public security concerns. Existing Image Forgery Localization (IFL) methods can accurately localize manipulated regions but are often unable to adapt to newly emerging forgeries. In real-world forensic scenarios, data typically arrive sequentially, yet continual model adaptation remains largely unexplored in IFL. To bridge this gap, we introduce the first continual learning framework for IFL and establish a comprehensive benchmark under two realistic data-evolution protocols: cross-dataset and cross-content continual learning. Evaluations of representative state-of-the-art IFL and continual learning methods reveal substantial performance degradation, highlighting two key challenges: (1) adaptively capturing intrinsic forensic traces from incoming data across unseen domains, and (2) preserving previously acquired forensic knowledge during sequential adaptation. To address these challenges, we propose a forensic-aware continual adaptation framework. First, a forensic trace mining module employs Spatial Mixture-of-Forensic-Experts (SMoFE) to dynamically route complementary forensic cues across spatial locations, together with Forensic Evidence-Guided Dense Prompting (FEGDP) to transform low-level forensic traces into structured localization evidence for SAM. Second, Fisher-weighted LoRA Gradient (FLAG) surgery identifies old-task-sensitive adaptation directions and suppresses conflicting updates, mitigating catastrophic forgetting while preserving plasticity for emerging forgery domains. Extensive experiments demonstrate state-of-the-art performance in both pixel-level forgery localization and image-level forgery detection across diverse continual learning scenarios.
Abstract:The rapid evolution of image manipulation techniques has raised growing public security concerns. Existing Image Forgery Localization (IFL) methods can accurately localize manipulated regions but are often unable to adapt to newly emerging forgeries. In real-world forensic scenarios, data typically arrive sequentially, yet continual model adaptation remains largely unexplored in IFL. To bridge this gap, we introduce the first continual learning framework for IFL and establish a comprehensive benchmark under two realistic data-evolution protocols: cross-dataset and cross-content continual learning. Evaluations of representative state-of-the-art IFL and continual learning methods reveal substantial performance degradation, highlighting two key challenges: (1) adaptively capturing intrinsic forensic traces from incoming data across unseen domains, and (2) preserving previously acquired forensic knowledge during sequential adaptation. To address these challenges, we propose a forensic-aware continual adaptation framework. First, a forensic trace mining module employs Spatial Mixture-of-Forensic-Experts (SMoFE) to dynamically route complementary forensic cues across spatial locations, together with Forensic Evidence-Guided Dense Prompting (FEGDP) to transform low-level forensic traces into structured localization evidence for SAM. Second, Fisher-weighted LoRA Gradient (FLAG) surgery identifies old-task-sensitive adaptation directions and suppresses conflicting updates, mitigating catastrophic forgetting while preserving plasticity for emerging forgery domains. Extensive experiments demonstrate state-of-the-art performance in both pixel-level forgery localization and image-level forgery detection across diverse continual learning scenarios.
Cryptography and Security (cs.CR); Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
arXiv:2609.38251 [cs.CR]
(or arXiv:2609.38251v1 [cs.CR] for this version)
https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2609.38251 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite
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