Follow the Features: SAE Feature-Guided Data-Efficient Instruction-Tuning of Large Language Models

Abstract:Selecting small, effective instruction-tuning datasets requires identifying which aspects of the original data to retain. We introduce Follow the Features (FtF), a data-selection method that uses sparse autoencoder (SAE) features to characterize training data and guide subset construction. FtF ranks features using dataset-level activation statistics, scores samples by their expression of highly ranked features, and incorporates feature resampling to encourage diversity. The LLM-SAE pair used for selection is independent of the model being fine-tuned, enabling reuse across target models. We evaluate FtF on two model-dataset settings at a training budget of 100 samples with a fixed sequence length of 256 tokens. FtF achieves performance competitive with GRAPE and S2L, with relative rankings varying across settings. On Qwen 3 8B trained on Alpaca, FtF exceeds full-dataset training by 1.59 percentage points in the harmonic mean of an AlpacaEval-based win rate and Open LLM Leaderboard performance, although full-dataset training retains a higher Leaderboard score. These results support SAE feature statistics as a useful signal for data-efficient instruction tuning.

Machine Learning (cs.LG)

arXiv:2611.04085 [cs.LG]

(or arXiv:2611.04085v1 [cs.LG] for this version)

https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2611.04085 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration)

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