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This study analyzes how adding a third mass to the QGEM protocol enhances resilience against environmental decoherence while generating genuine tripartite entanglement via gravitational interaction. By mapping parameter spaces and comparing experimental configurations using entanglement witnesses, the research provides critical insights for scaling quantum gravity tests beyond simple two-qubit setups. These findings are essential for advancing our understanding of how macroscopic masses can maintain quantum coherence under realistic conditions.
Evolution of tripartite entanglement in three-qubit Quantum Gravity-Induced Entanglement of Masses (QGEM) with quantum decoherence
arXiv:2507.01007v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: The recently introduced quantum gravity-induced entanglement of masses (QGEM) protocol aims to test the quantum nature of gravity by witnessing the entanglement produced by the virtual exchange of a graviton between two spatially superposed masses. Shortly after the original proposal, further improvements upon the experiment were suggested, including the addition of a third mass, showing that three-qubit setups can be more resilient to higher rates of decoherence caused by the interaction of the system with the environment. In this work, we investigate the type of tripartite entanglement generated in these three-qubit QGEM experiments when considering the effects of decoherence. We show that the gravitational interaction between the qubits is able to generate genuine tripartite entanglement between them, studying the corresponding parameter spaces and comparing the performance of the possible experimental configurations of the three qubits at allowing for the detection of genuine entanglement via an entanglement witness.
Abstract:The recently introduced quantum gravity-induced entanglement of masses (QGEM) protocol aims to test the quantum nature of gravity by witnessing the entanglement produced by the virtual exchange of a graviton between two spatially superposed masses. Shortly after the original proposal, further improvements upon the experiment were suggested, including the addition of a third mass, showing that three-qubit setups can be more resilient to higher rates of decoherence caused by the interaction of the system with the environment. In this work, we investigate the type of tripartite entanglement generated in these three-qubit QGEM experiments when considering the effects of decoherence. We show that the gravitational interaction between the qubits is able to generate genuine tripartite entanglement between them, studying the corresponding parameter spaces and comparing the performance of the possible experimental configurations of the three qubits at allowing for the detection of genuine entanglement via an entanglement witness.
arXiv:2507.01007 [quant-ph]
(or arXiv:2507.01007v3 [quant-ph] for this version)
Scientific Reports 16, 14440 (2026). Published March 21st, 2026
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-44184-2 DOI(s) linking to related resources
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