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The paper analytically and numerically studies how entanglement spreads between two coupled regions of free-fermion (XX and transverse-field Ising) and interacting (XXZ) spin chains after a quench. Its main results are a quasiparticle picture controlled by a transmission coefficient and the finding that strong inhomogeneity suppresses both transport and entanglement growth. This is foundational many-body quantum theory rather than applied quantum technology, so its relevance to quantum computing and simulation is indirect, mainly through the benchmarking methods and what they imply for simulating entanglement dynamics.
Entanglement dynamics after quenches with inhomogeneous Hamiltonians
arXiv:2605.01595v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: We investigate entanglement dynamics in bipartite systems governed by inhomogeneous Hamiltonians of the form $H = H_L + H_R$, where $H_{L/R}$ acts only on the left or right region and is homogeneous within each region. Focusing on the XX chain and the transverse-field Ising chain, we derive analytical formulas for the entanglement entropy between the two regions in the hydrodynamic limit of long times. In this regime, fermions incident on the interface undergo scattering, generating entanglement between reflected and transmitted modes. The resulting quasiparticle picture is controlled by the transmission coefficient, which we obtain analytically by solving the stationary lattice Schr\"odinger equation. Due to the bounded dispersion, strong inhomogeneity suppresses both transport and entanglement growth. We benchmark our analytical predictions against numerical simulations in paradigmatic setups. Finally, we extend the analysis to the interacting XXZ chain using tDMRG. The numerical data show qualitative agreement with the quadratic case: entanglement growth remains suppressed in the strongly inhomogeneous limit. Notably, however, entanglement continues to increase even when transport is suppressed, at least at intermediate times.
Abstract:We investigate entanglement dynamics in bipartite systems governed by inhomogeneous Hamiltonians of the form $H = H_L + H_R$, where $H_{L/R}$ acts only on the left or right region and is homogeneous within each region. Focusing on the XX chain and the transverse-field Ising chain, we derive analytical formulas for the entanglement entropy between the two regions in the hydrodynamic limit of long times. In this regime, fermions incident on the interface undergo scattering, generating entanglement between reflected and transmitted modes. The resulting quasiparticle picture is controlled by the transmission coefficient, which we obtain analytically by solving the stationary lattice Schrödinger equation. Due to the bounded dispersion, strong inhomogeneity suppresses both transport and entanglement growth. We benchmark our analytical predictions against numerical simulations in paradigmatic setups. Finally, we extend the analysis to the interacting XXZ chain using tDMRG. The numerical data show qualitative agreement with the quadratic case: entanglement growth remains suppressed in the strongly inhomogeneous limit. Notably, however, entanglement continues to increase even when transport is suppressed, at least at intermediate times.
Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech); Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas); Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el); High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th); Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
arXiv:2605.01595 [cond-mat.stat-mech]
(or arXiv:2605.01595v2 [cond-mat.stat-mech] for this version)
J. Stat. Mech. (2026) 103101
https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-5468/aea554 DOI(s) linking to related resources
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