Enhancing Extubation Failure Prediction with LLM-Derived Features from Respiratory Therapy Clinical Notes

Abstract:Invasive mechanical ventilation is a lifesaving therapy, but timely, safe discontinuation is essential to preventing extubation failure (EF) and related risks to health. We present a novel approach to EF prediction that leverages features classified in free-text respiratory therapy notes using a large language model and logistic regression pipeline. Applied to a patient cohort from University of Washington Medicine, our method identifies clinically meaningful EF-related features that improve EF prediction performance when included alongside structured patient data. We further highlight how differences in target populations in prior EF prediction studies, such as heterogenous inclusion criteria and EF definition, can lead to systematic differences in model performance and hinder generalizability between studies.

Published in CHIL 2026. 11 pages, 4 figures, 4 tables, 25 pages including citations and supplemental material

Computation and Language (cs.CL); Machine Learning (cs.LG); Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)

arXiv:2609.17532 [cs.CL]

(or arXiv:2609.17532v1 [cs.CL] for this version)

https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2609.17532 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite

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