Enhancing entanglement asymmetry in fragmented quantum systems

Abstract:Entanglement asymmetry provides a quantitative measure of symmetry breaking in many-body quantum states. Focusing on inhomogeneous $U(1)$ charges, such as dipole and multipole moments, we show that the typical asymmetry is bounded by a universal fraction of its maximal value. Multipole charges naturally arise in systems with Hilbert-space fragmentation, where the dynamics splits into exponentially many disconnected sectors. Using the commutant algebra formalism, we generalize entanglement asymmetry to account for fragmentation. While the asymmetry grows logarithmically for conventional symmetries, it can scale extensively in fragmented systems and distinguish classical from quantum fragmentation. We derive general upper bounds for the asymmetry and identify states that saturate them. To study the typical behavior of the asymmetry, we consider the ensemble of random matrix product states. By identifying the bond dimension with an effective time parameter, we qualitatively reproduce recent results on asymmetry dynamics in random quantum circuits, suggesting a universal behavior for the asymmetry of $U(1)$ charges in local ergodic systems.

Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech); Quantum Physics (quant-ph)

arXiv:2603.02338 [cond-mat.stat-mech]

(or arXiv:2603.02338v3 [cond-mat.stat-mech] for this version)

https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2603.02338 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite

Phys. Rev. B 114, 235114 - Published 9 October, 2026

https://doi.org/10.1103/lppm-48p3 Focus to learn more DOI(s) linking to related resources

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