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This study applies machine learning to optimize photovoltaic module design by predicting energy yield and lifetime degradation across diverse global climates. By integrating feature importance analysis with hierarchical clustering, the research identifies specific environmental conditions—such as low-temperature continental climates—that maximize discounted lifetime energy output. These findings offer actionable insights for siting decisions and material optimization in renewable energy systems driven by data-driven modeling.
Energy Yield and Lifetime Climate Classification via Machine Learning for Optimizing Photovoltaic Module Design and Materials
arXiv:2608.25448v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: To resiliently and sustainably meet our future energy demand, photovoltaic (PV) modules must be deployed across a broad and diverse range of geographical regions with varying operating conditions. As these conditions strongly affect both performance and optimal system design, a dedicated PV-specific climate classification can be of great use. In this work, we develop a climate classification framework tailored to PV applications using a variety of machine learning (ML) techniques. Building on previous studies, our approach incorporates both energy yield, and for the first time, also the module lifetime with climate dependent degradation. We generate an interpolated dataset containing twelve input features and two target variables (i.e. energy yield and module lifetime). Feature importance analysis shows that annual global horizontal irradiation and ambient temperature are the most influential predictors. The most accurate regression model achieves root mean square errors (RMSE) of 0.007 MWh for energy yield and 1.5 years for lifetime prediction. The calculated feature importance scores are then integrated into a hierarchical clustering framework, resulting in 6 primary climate clusters (Tropical, Desert, Continental, Temperate, Boreal, and Polar) and 15 corresponding subclusters. Our analysis shows that the low temperature continental climate offers the highest discounted lifetime energy yield. These results can support a wide range of applications, including PV module optimization, system siting decisions, and comparative performance studies.
Abstract:To resiliently and sustainably meet our future energy demand, photovoltaic (PV) modules must be deployed across a broad and diverse range of geographical regions with varying operating conditions. As these conditions strongly affect both performance and optimal system design, a dedicated PV-specific climate classification can be of great use. In this work, we develop a climate classification framework tailored to PV applications using a variety of machine learning (ML) techniques. Building on previous studies, our approach incorporates both energy yield, and for the first time, also the module lifetime with climate dependent degradation. We generate an interpolated dataset containing twelve input features and two target variables (i.e. energy yield and module lifetime). Feature importance analysis shows that annual global horizontal irradiation and ambient temperature are the most influential predictors. The most accurate regression model achieves root mean square errors (RMSE) of 0.007 MWh for energy yield and 1.5 years for lifetime prediction. The calculated feature importance scores are then integrated into a hierarchical clustering framework, resulting in 6 primary climate clusters (Tropical, Desert, Continental, Temperate, Boreal, and Polar) and 15 corresponding subclusters. Our analysis shows that the low temperature continental climate offers the highest discounted lifetime energy yield. These results can support a wide range of applications, including PV module optimization, system siting decisions, and comparative performance studies.
16 pages, 8 figures. Manuscript is submitted to Progress in Photovoltaics
Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph); Machine Learning (cs.LG)
arXiv:2608.25448 [physics.comp-ph]
(or arXiv:2608.25448v1 [physics.comp-ph] for this version)
https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2608.25448 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration)
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