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This workshop paper measures energy per token for two diffusion language models against two autoregressive models of similar size, with and without KV-cache. The reported roughly 2x efficiency edge for diffusion at 200-600 tokens is a useful data point, but it depends on the specific models, sequence lengths, and hardware setup, so it should not be read as a general result. Readers evaluating inference costs should look for replication across hardware and serving stacks before treating diffusion decoding as a settled energy advantage.
Energy Consumption Analysis of Discrete Diffusion and Autoregressive Language Models
arXiv:2610.19855v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: As Large Language Models (LLMs) continue to scale, their energy consumption during inference has become a critical concern. While Autoregressive (AR) models are the industry standard, Diffusion Language Models (DLLMs) have emerged as a promising alternative capable of parallel token generation. In this paper, we perform a comparative energy benchmark of diffusion models (LLaDA-8B, Dream-7B) against AR counterparts (Llama-3.1-8B, Qwen-2.5-7B). We analyze the trade-offs between model architecture, KV-cache optimization, and Joules-per-token efficiency. Our results show that at longer sequences (200--600 tokens), diffusion models achieve 2.5--2.7 J/token, approximately 2$\times$ more efficient than AR models with KV-cache (5.3--5.7 J/token). KV-cache provides substantial benefits for AR models at longer sequences (50--70\% energy reduction).
Abstract:As Large Language Models (LLMs) continue to scale, their energy consumption during inference has become a critical concern. While Autoregressive (AR) models are the industry standard, Diffusion Language Models (DLLMs) have emerged as a promising alternative capable of parallel token generation. In this paper, we perform a comparative energy benchmark of diffusion models (LLaDA-8B, Dream-7B) against AR counterparts (Llama-3.1-8B, Qwen-2.5-7B). We analyze the trade-offs between model architecture, KV-cache optimization, and Joules-per-token efficiency. Our results show that at longer sequences (200--600 tokens), diffusion models achieve 2.5--2.7 J/token, approximately 2$\times$ more efficient than AR models with KV-cache (5.3--5.7 J/token). KV-cache provides substantial benefits for AR models at longer sequences (50--70\% energy reduction).
Machine Learning (cs.LG)
arXiv:2610.19855 [cs.LG]
(or arXiv:2610.19855v1 [cs.LG] for this version)
https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2610.19855 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration)
GreenSys '26: Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Systems and Methods for Sustainable Large-Scale AI, 2026, pp. 7-12
https://doi.org/10.1145/3802973.3804458 Focus to learn more DOI(s) linking to related resources
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