End-to-End Quantum Semantic Communication with Variational Quantum Neural Networks

Abstract:This paper presents a quantum semantic communication (QSemCom) framework combining quantum machine learning (QML) and semantic communication (SemCom). Classical data are compressed into low-dimensional semantic representations, encoded and processed by a variational quantum transmitter, transmitted through a quantum channel, and processed by a trainable quantum receiver for classification. The framework considers a distributed quantum communication scenario in which quantum processing units (QPUs) exchange task-relevant semantic information through quantum links. While the general setting may involve multiple quantum nodes, this work focuses on the fundamental two-node case, with transmitter and receiver QPUs connected through a noisy quantum channel. Using MNIST, the framework is evaluated under ideal, bit-flip, depolarizing, and amplitude-damping channels. A baseline model is first trained over a perfect channel and evaluated under increasing noise without retraining. Receiver-side end-to-end training is then performed at fixed depolarizing-noise levels. The perfect-channel model achieves an accuracy of $0.9556$ and an F1-score of $0.9551$. Results show channel-dependent performance degradation, while receiver training substantially restores task performance under moderate and high depolarizing noise. Moreover, task recovery does not require reconstruction of the transmitted density matrix, highlighting a distinction between physical-state recovery and semantic-feature recovery. These results demonstrate that a trainable quantum receiver can recover task-relevant semantic information from noise-distorted quantum states and maintain high classification performance.

Quantum Physics (quant-ph); Machine Learning (cs.LG)

arXiv:2609.25044 [quant-ph]

(or arXiv:2609.25044v1 [quant-ph] for this version)

https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2609.25044 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite

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