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EdgeXpert resolves the incompatibility between speculative decoding and mixture-of-experts architectures through a novel software-hardware co-design approach, significantly reducing latency and energy consumption for on-device LLM inference. By optimizing expert routing at the prompt level and leveraging contextual similarity during token generation, this accelerator demonstrates substantial efficiency gains without sacrificing model accuracy. This work represents a critical advancement in making memory-efficient large language models viable for personalized edge applications.
EdgeXpert: An Edge Device for Memory-Efficient LLM Inference with Mixture-of-Experts and Speculative Decoding
arXiv:2608.05303v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: On-device deployment of Large Language Models (LLMs) has become essential for personalized edge applications. A primary bottleneck is external memory access (EMA) in feed-forward network (FFN) layers. Speculative decoding and mixture-of-experts (MoE) are promising solutions. Speculative decoding reduces the number of decoding stages by generating multiple tokens per stage, and MoE minimizes per-stage cost through sparse expert activation. However, there is an incompatibility when combining these two techniques. We propose EdgeXpert, a software-hardware co-designed LLM accelerator that resolves this incompatibility. In the prefill stage, the prompt-wise expert reuse reformulates routing as prompt-level expert reuse rather than independent per-token expert selection. It identifies important tokens using a lightweight encoder, constructs a shared expert set from them, and routes less important tokens with a reduced expert budget to lower expert EMA. In the decode stage, depth-aware expert coalescing exploits the contextual similarity and mutual exclusivity of same-depth candidate tokens. Rather than loading the union of all required channels, EdgeXpert loads only salient channels and applies computational calibration to recover accuracy without additional memory access. Synthesized in Samsung 28nm technology at 800 MHz, EdgeXpert achieves up to 56.3% latency reduction and 44.1% energy reduction compared to prior works, while maintaining near-baseline accuracy.
Abstract:On-device deployment of Large Language Models (LLMs) has become essential for personalized edge applications. A primary bottleneck is external memory access (EMA) in feed-forward network (FFN) layers. Speculative decoding and mixture-of-experts (MoE) are promising solutions. Speculative decoding reduces the number of decoding stages by generating multiple tokens per stage, and MoE minimizes per-stage cost through sparse expert activation. However, there is an incompatibility when combining these two techniques. We propose EdgeXpert, a software-hardware co-designed LLM accelerator that resolves this incompatibility. In the prefill stage, the prompt-wise expert reuse reformulates routing as prompt-level expert reuse rather than independent per-token expert selection. It identifies important tokens using a lightweight encoder, constructs a shared expert set from them, and routes less important tokens with a reduced expert budget to lower expert EMA. In the decode stage, depth-aware expert coalescing exploits the contextual similarity and mutual exclusivity of same-depth candidate tokens. Rather than loading the union of all required channels, EdgeXpert loads only salient channels and applies computational calibration to recover accuracy without additional memory access. Synthesized in Samsung 28nm technology at 800 MHz, EdgeXpert achieves up to 56.3% latency reduction and 44.1% energy reduction compared to prior works, while maintaining near-baseline accuracy.
Hardware Architecture (cs.AR); Computation and Language (cs.CL); Machine Learning (cs.LG)
C.1.3; B.7.1; I.2.7
arXiv:2608.05303 [cs.AR]
(or arXiv:2608.05303v1 [cs.AR] for this version)
https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2608.05303 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration)
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