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This research establishes that contextual advantages in quantum state discrimination apply universally across all two-state schemes and performance metrics, including confidence, guessing probability, and inconclusive rates. By deriving noncontextuality inequalities for both conclusive and inconclusive outcomes, the study provides a rigorous theoretical foundation for leveraging these advantages in future quantum information applications. The findings suggest that specific discrimination strategies can outperform noncontextual theories, offering potential improvements for quantum communication and sensing protocols.
Contextual advantages across two-state discrimination strategies
arXiv:2511.04100v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Quantum state discrimination, alongside its other applications, has recently found use as a tool for witnessing generalised contextuality. In this article, we derive noncontextuality inequalities for both conclusive and inconclusive outcomes across various guessing strategies. For minimum-error discrimination, the advantage is in terms of the confidences of individual outcomes, while for unambiguous state discrimination, it is in terms of the average guessing probability. For maximum-confidence discrimination, we show that contextual advantages occur not only for the confidence but also their average, the guessing probability, as well as the inconclusive outcome rate. Our results show that contextual advantages are observed across all two-state discrimination schemes and figures of merit. We envisage that various quantum information applications based on state discrimination may offer advantages over noncontextual theories.
Abstract:Quantum state discrimination, alongside its other applications, has recently found use as a tool for witnessing generalised contextuality. In this article, we derive noncontextuality inequalities for both conclusive and inconclusive outcomes across various guessing strategies. For minimum-error discrimination, the advantage is in terms of the confidences of individual outcomes, while for unambiguous state discrimination, it is in terms of the average guessing probability. For maximum-confidence discrimination, we show that contextual advantages occur not only for the confidence but also their average, the guessing probability, as well as the inconclusive outcome rate. Our results show that contextual advantages are observed across all two-state discrimination schemes and figures of merit. We envisage that various quantum information applications based on state discrimination may offer advantages over noncontextual theories.
arXiv:2511.04100 [quant-ph]
(or arXiv:2511.04100v2 [quant-ph] for this version)
New J. Phys. 28 044509 (2026)
https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/ae5a53 https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/ae5a53 https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/ae5a53 https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/ae5a53 https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/ae5a53 DOI(s) linking to related resources
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