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This theory-and-experiment paper studies how adding or subtracting photons from multi-mode light (thermal, sub-Poissonian, and twin beams) affects nonclassicality and entanglement, with results for up to twenty photocounts. Its main practical finding is that the best operation depends on the source: photon addition helps thermal and sub-Poissonian beams, while subtraction works better for twin beams. For readers tracking quantum communication and metrology, it offers a comparison framework for choosing state-preparation methods, though the results are for low mean photon number per mode and remain at the level of laboratory demonstration.
Compound beams for direct experimental comparison of quantum operations
arXiv:2608.09518v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Compound beams composed of simple experimental blocks (detected in simultaneous detection windows) that form specific quantum-correlated structures are suggested for simulating the properties of different quantum operations used for creating highly nonclassical and entangled multi-mode states needed in quantum communication, metrology, and information protocols. Qualitative and quantitative comparison of multi-photon addition and subtraction in compound multi-mode thermal as well as sub-Poissonian beams and multi-mode twin beams with their intensities extending over two orders in magnitude is provided. Adding and subtracting up to twenty photocounts, optimal conditions for the generation of experimental nonclassical states are identified. In general, photon addition is identified as advantageous over photon subtraction for the multi-mode thermal and sub-Poissonian beams: It induces (enhances) the nonclassicality in the former (latter) state. Contrary to this, photon subtraction outperforms photon addition in the multi-mode twin beams. Moreover, exploiting temporal photon-pair correlations in compound twin beams when post-selecting, nearly ideal experimental photon(s) addition is demonstrated. The results apply for the beams with mean photon number per mode much less than one.
Abstract:Compound beams composed of simple experimental blocks (detected in simultaneous detection windows) that form specific quantum-correlated structures are suggested for simulating the properties of different quantum operations used for creating highly nonclassical and entangled multi-mode states needed in quantum communication, metrology, and information protocols. Qualitative and quantitative comparison of multi-photon addition and subtraction in compound multi-mode thermal as well as sub-Poissonian beams and multi-mode twin beams with their intensities extending over two orders in magnitude is provided. Adding and subtracting up to twenty photocounts, optimal conditions for the generation of experimental nonclassical states are identified. In general, photon addition is identified as advantageous over photon subtraction for the multi-mode thermal and sub-Poissonian beams: It induces (enhances) the nonclassicality in the former (latter) state. Contrary to this, photon subtraction outperforms photon addition in the multi-mode twin beams. Moreover, exploiting temporal photon-pair correlations in compound twin beams when post-selecting, nearly ideal experimental photon(s) addition is demonstrated. The results apply for the beams with mean photon number per mode much less than one.
Photon addition and subtraction are systematically compared across twin-beam, thermal, and sub-Poissonian states at varying intensities over two orders in magnitude. Version published in New Journal of Physics
arXiv:2608.09518 [quant-ph]
(or arXiv:2608.09518v2 [quant-ph] for this version)
https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/aeae64 DOI(s) linking to related resources
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