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This research demonstrates how strong coupling between molecular ensembles and optical cavities can be described using spin glass theory to predict emergent collective electronic phases. The study identifies entropy-driven mechanisms that localize or delocalize electron states, potentially transforming insulating materials into metallic ones through cavity-dressed degeneracy. These findings advance the theoretical understanding of quantum many-body systems in photonic environments without relying on speculative applications.
Cavity-mediated localization and collective electron correlation phases
arXiv:2605.01551v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Collective strong coupling of molecular ensembles to optical cavities opens a route to modifying matter through genuinely collective electronic correlations. Yet even in the absence of a cavity, Coulomb correlations are notoriously difficult to describe, and cavity coupling adds transverse correlation channels extending over the entire molecular ensemble. Here we show that this seemingly intractable problem admits a controlled description by spin glass theory, i.e., by the analytically solvable spherical Sherrington-Kirkpatrick model. Our results predict two collective correlation phases, a paracorrelated phase and a spin-glass correlation phase, beyond the conventional uncorrelated molecular regime. These phases reveal an entropy-driven localization-delocalization mechanism that transfers molecular electronic states into collectively degenerate cavity-dressed states. Analytic calculation suggest that this collective correlated state can either remain insulating or even turn metallic if the entropic occupations favor a fractional filling. Our work reveals cavity-mediated electron correlations as a microscopic mechanism for emergent phases in strongly coupled molecular ensembles.
Abstract:Collective strong coupling of molecular ensembles to optical cavities opens a route to modifying matter through genuinely collective electronic correlations. Yet even in the absence of a cavity, Coulomb correlations are notoriously difficult to describe, and cavity coupling adds transverse correlation channels extending over the entire molecular ensemble. Here we show that this seemingly intractable problem admits a controlled description by spin glass theory, i.e., by the analytically solvable spherical Sherrington-Kirkpatrick model. Our results predict two collective correlation phases, a paracorrelated phase and a spin-glass correlation phase, beyond the conventional uncorrelated molecular regime. These phases reveal an entropy-driven localization-delocalization mechanism that transfers molecular electronic states into collectively degenerate cavity-dressed states. Analytic calculation suggest that this collective correlated state can either remain insulating or even turn metallic if the entropic occupations favor a fractional filling. Our work reveals cavity-mediated electron correlations as a microscopic mechanism for emergent phases in strongly coupled molecular ensembles.
Quantum Physics (quant-ph); Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech); Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el); Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
arXiv:2605.01551 [quant-ph]
(or arXiv:2605.01551v2 [quant-ph] for this version)
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