Can One-Shot Test-Time Data Augmentation Help with Generalization?

Title:Can One-Shot Test-Time Data Augmentation Help with Generalization?

Abstract:Data augmentation is crucial for model generalization, but existing methods are mostly centered on the training stage. Test-time augmentation, while underexplored, can be practically effective for generalization while avoiding extra model parameters or fine-tuning. Given the increasing training cost and the literature gap, we study whether it is possible to perform effective test-time augmentation using image generation from just the single original image. We first analyze the importance of test-time augmentation, and then design and study a simple yet natural operator named 1S-DAug, which comprises geometric perturbations with controlled noise injection and image-conditioned denoising. We obtain positive results on well-established image-classification benchmarks across four datasets and multiple models, achieving up to 20\% relative accuracy improvement without model training or parameter access. Code will be released.

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV); Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI); Machine Learning (cs.LG)

arXiv:2602.00114 [cs.CV]

(or arXiv:2602.00114v5 [cs.CV] for this version)

https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2602.00114 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite

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