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This research investigates the fundamental limits of black hole horizons in encoding microstate information, proposing that minimal disruption requires specific "which-state" measurements rather than classical hair configurations. The study establishes a rigorous mathematical bound on exterior distinguishability versus isometric infall deviations within quantum gravity frameworks.
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Black-Hole Microstate Hair Requires a Horizon Measurement

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arXiv:2604.28050v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Can a smooth horizon hide its microstates? At fixed classical and superselected data, the exterior distinguishability $D_{\max}$ of same-sector infalling states and the departure $\varepsilon$ from isometric infall obey $D_{\max}^{2}+(1-2\varepsilon)^{2}\leq 1$, and every point is realized. Below maximal disruption, the boundary is reached only by which-state measurements: the distinguished pair crosses undisturbed while the exterior records which one fell in. The least a horizon can do to have microstate hair is measure what falls in. Classically hairy black holes are labeled backgrounds, not microstate hair.

Abstract:Can a smooth horizon hide its microstates? At fixed classical and superselected data, the exterior distinguishability $D_{\max}$ of same-sector infalling states and the departure $\varepsilon$ from isometric infall obey $D_{\max}^{2}+(1-2\varepsilon)^{2}\leq 1$, and every point is realized. Below maximal disruption, the boundary is reached only by which-state measurements: the distinguished pair crosses undisturbed while the exterior records which one fell in. The least a horizon can do to have microstate hair is measure what falls in. Classically hairy black holes are labeled backgrounds, not microstate hair.

8+8 Pages. Currently under review at Phys. Rev. Lett

arXiv:2604.28050 [quant-ph]

(or arXiv:2604.28050v2 [quant-ph] for this version)

https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2604.28050 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite

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