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This study introduces a novel framework for generating mechanism-resolved error budgets in quantum sensors, moving beyond headline sensitivity metrics to explicitly account for accuracy and robustness. By applying open-system simulations to nitrogen-vacancy diamond ensembles and cesium magnetometers, the research demonstrates how different physical mechanisms limit distinct performance metrics, enabling more precise sensor design through digital twin modeling.
Beyond sensitivity: mechanism-resolved error budgets for designing quantum sensors
arXiv:2608.28519v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Quantum sensors are specified by a headline sensitivity, yet applications also demand accuracy and reliability. The dominant limiter of one metric is often known, but no method resolves how interacting mechanisms combine into a signed, per-mechanism budget for each metric. We introduce a framework that computes a sensor's sensitivity, accuracy, and robustness from one open-system simulation and attributes each to its limiting mechanism. For a nitrogen-vacancy diamond ensemble the attribution inverts across metrics: dephasing limits sensitivity, the thermal ground-state shift limits accuracy, and optical leakage limits robustness. At identical sensitivity the recovered-field bias spans $8$ to $1500$\,nT, so tuning to sensitivity alone can miss the accuracy target by two orders of magnitude. The same modeling transfers to a cesium optically pumped magnetometer recording a human magnetocardiogram. As a digital twin, it predicts the gain from addressing each limiter, so sensors can be designed to the required metrics.
Abstract:Quantum sensors are specified by a headline sensitivity, yet applications also demand accuracy and reliability. The dominant limiter of one metric is often known, but no method resolves how interacting mechanisms combine into a signed, per-mechanism budget for each metric. We introduce a framework that computes a sensor's sensitivity, accuracy, and robustness from one open-system simulation and attributes each to its limiting mechanism. For a nitrogen-vacancy diamond ensemble the attribution inverts across metrics: dephasing limits sensitivity, the thermal ground-state shift limits accuracy, and optical leakage limits robustness. At identical sensitivity the recovered-field bias spans $8$ to $1500$\,nT, so tuning to sensitivity alone can miss the accuracy target by two orders of magnitude. The same modeling transfers to a cesium optically pumped magnetometer recording a human magnetocardiogram. As a digital twin, it predicts the gain from addressing each limiter, so sensors can be designed to the required metrics.
Quantum Physics (quant-ph); Systems and Control (eess.SY); Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
arXiv:2608.28519 [quant-ph]
(or arXiv:2608.28519v1 [quant-ph] for this version)
https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2608.28519 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration)
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