Beyond Item IDs: Scaling Short-Form-Video Recommendation via Semantic-Native Long Sequence Modeling

Abstract:Capturing user interests across extensive watch histories is critical for short-form video recommendation, yet scaling sequence length is limited by two bottlenecks: the semantic sparsity of atomic Video IDs and the quadratic computational complexity of Transformers. Traditional orthogonal Video IDs fail to capture content relationships and demand large embedding tables, while the quadratic complexity of self-attention restricts the maximum sequence length under strict industrial latency and resource constraints. In this work, we present a production-deployed framework for modeling ultra-long user behavior sequences at a billion-user scale. We first address the representation bottleneck by adopting content-native Semantic IDs. By utilizing depth-truncated, coarse-grained Semantic IDs, we shrink the embedding table size from corpus cardinality. This compact representation naturally generalizes to cold-start content through shared semantic prefixes. Second, to overcome the sequence scaling barrier, we introduce a Global-Aware Compression Transformer that leverages non-parametric temporal folding and unified global query integration to effectively condense the sequence, alleviating both the memory and computational bottlenecks of standard self-attention. Offline profiling on our computing infrastructure demonstrates an order-of-magnitude reduction in peak memory footprint and a drastic decrease in computational overhead. This efficiency gain enables supporting longer sequence lengths at an affordable cost in production, yielding substantial online gains in satisfied user engagement and satisfied content consumption in large-scale online A/B tests.

Information Retrieval (cs.IR); Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI); Machine Learning (cs.LG)

arXiv:2606.07546 [cs.IR]

(or arXiv:2606.07546v1 [cs.IR] for this version)

https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2606.07546 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite

https://doi.org/10.1145/3805712.3808503 Focus to learn more DOI(s) linking to related resources

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