Basis-independent stabilizerness and maximally noisy magic states

Abstract:Absolutely stabilizer states are those that remain convex mixtures of stabilizer states after conjugation by any unitary. Here we give a characterization of such states for multiple qudits of all prime dimensions by introducing a polytope of their allowed spectra. We illustrate this through the examples of one qubit, two qubits, and one qutrit. In particular, the set of absolutely stabilizer states for a single qubit is a ball inscribed in the stabilizer octahedron, but for higher dimensions the geometry is more complicated. For odd-prime-dimensional qudits, we also give a complete characterization of absolutely Wigner-positive states, i.e., states whose Wigner function remains nonnegative after conjugation by any unitary. In so doing, we show there are absolutely Wigner-positive states that are not absolutely stabilizer, which can be seen as a unitarily invariant version of bound magic. We then study the radii of the largest balls contained in the sets of absolutely stabilizer states and absolutely Wigner-positive states. These radii respectively tell us the lowest possible purity of nonstabilizer and Wigner-negative states. Conversely, we also find the radius of the smallest ball containing the set of absolutely Wigner-positive states, giving a tight purity-based necessary condition thereof. Finally, we apply our methods to magic witnessing and find simple sufficient conditions for determining if an $n$-qubit state is reducible to an $m$-qubit magic state for any $m<n$.

arXiv:2602.22336 [quant-ph]

(or arXiv:2602.22336v2 [quant-ph] for this version)

https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2602.22336 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite

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