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This study challenges the prevailing assumption that attention score degradation directly limits contextual retrieval in large language models, finding instead a weak correlation between mean attention decay and actual multi-fact accuracy across diverse architectures. The research demonstrates that strategic syntactic interventions like comma insertion can mitigate prediction errors without altering underlying attention mechanisms, while attempts to force attention mass via Relay-Aware Attention often yield null or harmful results depending on the model's positional encoding scheme. Ultimately, these findings suggest that interpreting LLM behavior through attention scores alone is insufficient and caution against optimizing inference strategies based solely on KV-cache eviction derived from such metrics.
Attention Degradation, Function Token Anchoring, and the Limits of Attention-Based Intervention in Large Language Models
arXiv:2607.20524v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Mean cross-positional attention degradation is widely reported in transformer interpretability, yet whether it causally limits contextual retrieval remains untested. We present six coordinated experiments across GPT-2, LLaMA-3.2-1B/3B, OPT-1.3B, and distilgpt2. We first characterise short-term (5-100 token) attention degradation, finding a universal exponential-then-plateau pattern whose rate is inversely correlated with depth, with distinct layer-wise entropy signatures per architecture. Function token anchoring proves architecture-dependent: OPT-1.3B (absolute positional encoding) shows distance-dependent preposition specificity, GPT-2 shows uniform non-specific dependence, and LLaMA (RoPE) shows reversal at long distances. Strategic comma insertion at clause boundaries causally reduces prediction degradation in the 40-80 token range, with the benefit tied to syntactic boundary alignment rather than token density. We then test the mechanism causally: Relay-Aware Attention (RAA), which biases attention logits toward function token positions, verifiably increases attention mass by 16-24% yet yields null effects on GPT-2 and LLaMA-1B, preliminary harm on LLaMA-3B, and a mixed effect on OPT-1.3B that nets to approximately zero. Multi-fact retrieval probes further show that degradation rate does not predict retrieval accuracy across models. We conclude that mean attention degradation is largely descriptive rather than prescriptive: function tokens contribute through what their hidden states compute, not through the attention they receive -- with implications for interpretability methodology and attention-score-based inference optimisations such as KV-cache eviction.
Abstract:Mean cross-positional attention degradation is widely reported in transformer interpretability, yet whether it causally limits contextual retrieval remains untested. We present six coordinated experiments across GPT-2, LLaMA-3.2-1B/3B, OPT-1.3B, and distilgpt2. We first characterise short-term (5-100 token) attention degradation, finding a universal exponential-then-plateau pattern whose rate is inversely correlated with depth, with distinct layer-wise entropy signatures per architecture. Function token anchoring proves architecture-dependent: OPT-1.3B (absolute positional encoding) shows distance-dependent preposition specificity, GPT-2 shows uniform non-specific dependence, and LLaMA (RoPE) shows reversal at long distances. Strategic comma insertion at clause boundaries causally reduces prediction degradation in the 40-80 token range, with the benefit tied to syntactic boundary alignment rather than token density. We then test the mechanism causally: Relay-Aware Attention (RAA), which biases attention logits toward function token positions, verifiably increases attention mass by 16-24% yet yields null effects on GPT-2 and LLaMA-1B, preliminary harm on LLaMA-3B, and a mixed effect on OPT-1.3B that nets to approximately zero. Multi-fact retrieval probes further show that degradation rate does not predict retrieval accuracy across models. We conclude that mean attention degradation is largely descriptive rather than prescriptive: function tokens contribute through what their hidden states compute, not through the attention they receive -- with implications for interpretability methodology and attention-score-based inference optimisations such as KV-cache eviction.
Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
arXiv:2607.20524 [cs.AI]
(or arXiv:2607.20524v1 [cs.AI] for this version)
https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2607.20524 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration)
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