Appointed-Time Fault-Tolerant Fast Terminal Sliding Control for UAVs with a Tracking Error-Based Disturbance Observer

arXiv:2611.01061v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: This paper addresses the critical challenge of high-performance fault-tolerant tracking control for quadrotor UAVs under complex conditions including external disturbances, parameter uncertainties, and actuator faults. A synergistic control framework is proposed by decoupling the system into position and attitude loops, each governed by the following three innovations. First, an Appointed-Time Prescribed Performance Function (AT-PPF) is developed to strictly constrain the tracking error within a predefined funnel boundary, ensuring convergence within a fixed time regardless of initial conditions. Second, a Tracking Error-Based Fixed-Time Composite Disturbance Observer (TFxTCDO) is developed to enable fast and accurate estimation of lumped disturbances without requiring full-state information or precise system modeling. This observer directly couples disturbance estimation with the control objective, thereby enhancing robustness and convergence. Third, a Fast Second-Order Terminal Sliding Mode Controller (NFSO-TSMC) is designed to achieve faster convergence and effective chattering mitigation. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed control strategy significantly outperforms conventional methods in terms of tracking accuracy, fault recovery speed, and robustness against uncertainties.