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This research demonstrates that hyperdimensional computing can significantly outperform conventional machine learning models in resource-constrained environments, achieving comparable accuracy while reducing FPGA resource usage by over 7x and mobile power consumption by more than 3x. By leveraging bipolar and binary computing architectures, the framework enables real-time detection of acute mountain sickness on wearables with minimal battery drain and memory footprint. This approach offers a scalable, hardware-aware alternative for continuous health monitoring where traditional ML methods struggle with efficiency requirements.
AMS-HD: Hyperdimensional Computing for Real-Time and Energy-Efficient Acute Mountain Sickness Detection
arXiv:2602.08916v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Objective: Acute mountain sickness (AMS) is the most prevalent altitude illness, affecting unacclimatized individuals ascending above 2,500 m and potentially escalating to life threatening cerebral or pulmonary edema. Conventional machine learning (ML) methods for AMS detection from wearable physiological signals often fail to meet real-time hardware efficiency requirements of continuous monitoring. Methods: We present AMS-HD, the first hyperdimensional computing (HDC)-based framework for real-time AMS detection, spanning high-level bipolar (-1/+1) computing for mobile platforms and low-level binary (0/1) computing for FPGA and ASIC targets. The framework integrates mutual information feature selection, hypervector encoding, and positional projection to enhance classification efficiency. Validation spans ARM, FPGA, and smartwatch-smartphone platforms using wearable-accessible SpO2 and heart rate signals. Results: AMS-HD matches or outperforms SVM and MLP baselines in both binary and multiclass classification, achieving up to 91% accuracy and 90% F1-score in binary classification, and up to 85% accuracy on external AMS-related datasets. On FPGA, AMS-HD reduces LUT and flip-flop usage by 7.3x and 5.8x, while consuming 3.9x less power than MLP. On mobile platforms, AMS-HD requires only 1% battery per session, 60 Bytes of memory, and 2.50 ms inference time -- approximately 2x and more than 3x lower energy consumption than SVM and MLP. Conclusion: AMS-HD provides a scalable, hardware-aware alternative to conventional ML for real-time AMS monitoring, achieving competitive performance with substantially lower resource consumption. Significance: This work presents the first complete HDC framework for altitude sickness detection, bridging wearable inference and low-level hardware deployment for resource-constrained health monitoring.
Abstract:Objective: Acute mountain sickness (AMS) is the most prevalent altitude illness, affecting unacclimatized individuals ascending above 2,500 m and potentially escalating to life threatening cerebral or pulmonary edema. Conventional machine learning (ML) methods for AMS detection from wearable physiological signals often fail to meet real-time hardware efficiency requirements of continuous monitoring. Methods: We present AMS-HD, the first hyperdimensional computing (HDC)-based framework for real-time AMS detection, spanning high-level bipolar (-1/+1) computing for mobile platforms and low-level binary (0/1) computing for FPGA and ASIC targets. The framework integrates mutual information feature selection, hypervector encoding, and positional projection to enhance classification efficiency. Validation spans ARM, FPGA, and smartwatch-smartphone platforms using wearable-accessible SpO2 and heart rate signals. Results: AMS-HD matches or outperforms SVM and MLP baselines in both binary and multiclass classification, achieving up to 91% accuracy and 90% F1-score in binary classification, and up to 85% accuracy on external AMS-related datasets. On FPGA, AMS-HD reduces LUT and flip-flop usage by 7.3x and 5.8x, while consuming 3.9x less power than MLP. On mobile platforms, AMS-HD requires only 1% battery per session, 60 Bytes of memory, and 2.50 ms inference time -- approximately 2x and more than 3x lower energy consumption than SVM and MLP. Conclusion: AMS-HD provides a scalable, hardware-aware alternative to conventional ML for real-time AMS monitoring, achieving competitive performance with substantially lower resource consumption. Significance: This work presents the first complete HDC framework for altitude sickness detection, bridging wearable inference and low-level hardware deployment for resource-constrained health monitoring.
Symbolic Computation (cs.SC); Emerging Technologies (cs.ET); Machine Learning (cs.LG)
arXiv:2602.08916 [cs.SC]
(or arXiv:2602.08916v3 [cs.SC] for this version)
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