AI World Cup 2026: Benchmarking Large Language Models for End-to-End Football Tournament Prediction

Abstract:Large language models (LLMs) are now regularly asked to forecast real-world events, but comparisons are often difficult because models receive different information, use different tools, and are evaluated under different rules. This paper reports the completed \emph{AI World Cup} benchmark, in which ten LLM-based assistants made a single pre-tournament forecast of the entire 2026 FIFA World Cup. Every submission used the same tournament snapshot, prompt, JSON schema, and scoring procedure. The forecasts covered group-stage scores, group rankings, the knockout bracket, final placings, confidence values, and short explanations. After all 104 matches had been played, GPT-5.5 Thinking finished first with 744 points, followed by GPT-5.5 with 717, Gemini with 699, and Qwen 3.7 with 687. GPT-5.5 Thinking was also the only model to select Spain, which defeated Argentina 1--0 in the final, as champion. The final ranking was driven mainly by knockout performance: total score was strongly correlated with knockout points ($r=0.986$), but showed little relationship with group-stage match points ($r=0.055$), group-standing points ($r=-0.103$), or their combined pre-knockout score ($r=-0.054$). Match-level accuracy produced a different ordering. Claude Sonnet 4.6 correctly predicted the largest number of group-stage outcomes (63.89\%) but placed sixth overall. Average self-reported confidence was also unrelated to either outcome accuracy ($r=-0.060$) or total score ($r=-0.067$). The results suggest that forecasting a complete tournament tests something different from predicting matches one at a time, while also showing how strongly a bracket-based leaderboard can depend on scoring design. The benchmark materials, raw responses, and scoring code are released to support replication and future extensions.

18 pages, 8 figures, 7 tables. Project repository available in the paper

Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI); Machine Learning (cs.LG)

arXiv:2608.03416 [cs.AI]

(or arXiv:2608.03416v1 [cs.AI] for this version)

https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2608.03416 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration)

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