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This research introduces an AI-driven framework that accelerates thermal-aware data center capacity planning by 10,000x compared to traditional CFD simulations. By leveraging machine learning models trained on key operational parameters like rack power and HVAC settings, the system enables real-time temperature prediction for unseen designs. This capability allows operators to instantly optimize workload distribution and cooling efficiency, directly addressing the thermal challenges posed by intensive GPU computations in LLM infrastructure.
AI-driven Thermal-aware Data Center Capacity Planning
arXiv:2610.02442v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The emerging of large language models (LLMs) has posed significant challenges to the thermal management of data center. Intense GPU computation for LLMs results in localized hotspots. Moreover, spiking thermal loads during training and inference bursts make real-time cooling response more difficult to predict and control. Thermal-aware capacity planning of data center requires massive expensive high-fidelity CFD simulations. AI models can perform real-time prediction for unseen designs. However, existing works either have large prediction error, or have over-simplified assumptions for data center operations. This work presents an AI-driven framework that can perform thermal-aware capacity planning for a real-world data center in seconds. The embedded AI model learns from numerous key parameters (rack power, server power, server placement, HVAC settings etc.), and provides temperature prediction within milliseconds. This AI model is tested against high-fidelity CFD simulations, and results show that for unseen data center designs, model can achieve high accuracy with 10000X speedup. Driven by the AI model, the authors design the thermal-aware capacity planning framework. This framework can help data center designers and operators instantaneously optimize both workload distribution and HVAC cooling efficiency.
Abstract:The emerging of large language models (LLMs) has posed significant challenges to the thermal management of data center. Intense GPU computation for LLMs results in localized hotspots. Moreover, spiking thermal loads during training and inference bursts make real-time cooling response more difficult to predict and control. Thermal-aware capacity planning of data center requires massive expensive high-fidelity CFD simulations. AI models can perform real-time prediction for unseen designs. However, existing works either have large prediction error, or have over-simplified assumptions for data center operations. This work presents an AI-driven framework that can perform thermal-aware capacity planning for a real-world data center in seconds. The embedded AI model learns from numerous key parameters (rack power, server power, server placement, HVAC settings etc.), and provides temperature prediction within milliseconds. This AI model is tested against high-fidelity CFD simulations, and results show that for unseen data center designs, model can achieve high accuracy with 10000X speedup. Driven by the AI model, the authors design the thermal-aware capacity planning framework. This framework can help data center designers and operators instantaneously optimize both workload distribution and HVAC cooling efficiency.
Machine Learning (cs.LG)
arXiv:2610.02442 [cs.LG]
(or arXiv:2610.02442v1 [cs.LG] for this version)
https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2610.02442 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration)
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