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AdaExploreBench introduces a critical evaluation framework for LLM agents, specifically testing their ability to proactively explore and adapt to hidden environmental rule changes without prior notification. The benchmark reveals a significant capability gap where current models struggle to detect when their existing knowledge becomes stale, achieving only 61.9% accuracy in dynamic settings despite strong reasoning abilities once evidence is provided. This work highlights the necessity for agents to actively acquire and validate evidence rather than relying solely on static training data or passive observation.
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AdaExploreBench: Benchmarking LLM Agents for Proactive Exploration and Test-time Adaptation in Evolving Environments

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arXiv:2610.25950v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large Language Model (LLM) agents are increasingly deployed in unfamiliar and evolving environments, requiring them to proactively explore, understand, and adapt to environmental dynamics. However, existing benchmarks rarely test whether agents can proactively discover how an environment works and adapt as it evolves. To address this gap, we introduce AdaExploreBench, a benchmark for proactive exploration and test-time adaptation in evolving environments. By instantiating environmental dynamics as hidden rules, AdaExploreBench requires agents to actively acquire evidence and infer the rules. Under implicit rule drift, the latent rule changes without announcement, requiring agents to detect from degraded performance that prior knowledge is stale and re-explore. Experiments on eight leading LLMs show that proactive and adaptive exploration remain challenging: GPT-6 Sol achieves only 61.9% calibrated accuracy, while providing sufficient evidence or removing rule drift improves average performance significantly by close to 10%. These results reveal a critical bottleneck in current LLM agents: they can often reason effectively from informative evidence once it is available, but struggle to actively acquire the right evidence and recognize when previously acquired evidence is no longer valid.

Abstract:Large Language Model (LLM) agents are increasingly deployed in unfamiliar and evolving environments, requiring them to proactively explore, understand, and adapt to environmental dynamics. However, existing benchmarks rarely test whether agents can proactively discover how an environment works and adapt as it evolves. To address this gap, we introduce AdaExploreBench, a benchmark for proactive exploration and test-time adaptation in evolving environments. By instantiating environmental dynamics as hidden rules, AdaExploreBench requires agents to actively acquire evidence and infer the rules. Under implicit rule drift, the latent rule changes without announcement, requiring agents to detect from degraded performance that prior knowledge is stale and re-explore. Experiments on eight leading LLMs show that proactive and adaptive exploration remain challenging: GPT-6 Sol achieves only 61.9% calibrated accuracy, while providing sufficient evidence or removing rule drift improves average performance significantly by close to 10%. These results reveal a critical bottleneck in current LLM agents: they can often reason effectively from informative evidence once it is available, but struggle to actively acquire the right evidence and recognize when previously acquired evidence is no longer valid.

Computation and Language (cs.CL); Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)

arXiv:2610.25950 [cs.CL]

(or arXiv:2610.25950v1 [cs.CL] for this version)

https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2610.25950 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration)

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