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This research demonstrates a quantum system capable of functioning as both an engine and a refrigerator simultaneously, challenging conventional thermodynamic limits through coherent control rather than classical heat flow mechanisms. The study advances our understanding of non-equilibrium quantum processes, offering potential pathways for more efficient energy management in future nanoscale devices where thermal gradients are critical.
A quantum heat engine that simultaneously provides work and refrigeration

The laws of thermodynamics state that heat naturally flows from hotter systems or regions to colder systems or regions until a state of thermal equilibrium is reached. This simple principle underpins the operation of numerous technologies, ranging from refrigerators to power plants.
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