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ClinPRISM addresses a critical gap in healthcare AI by enabling large language models to effectively process irregular clinical time series data through specialized encoding and token compression techniques. By reducing inference latency to 0.15 seconds while maintaining state-of-the-art accuracy, this framework offers a practical path toward deploying multimodal reasoning systems in resource-constrained medical environments without sacrificing performance on sparse or asynchronous observations.
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A Cost-Effective Multimodal LLM Reasoning Framework for Question Answering over Irregular Clinical Time Series

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arXiv:2607.25947v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Question answering (QA) over irregular clinical time series (ICTS) plays a pivotal role in a wide range of healthcare applications. Although recent multimodal time-series large language models (LLMs) have shown considerable promise in general-purpose time-series QA, they remain poorly equipped to model the sparsity, asynchrony, and irregular sampling patterns of clinical observations. To fill this gap, we propose ClinPRISM, a cost-effective multimodal LLM reasoning framework for question answering over ICTS data. First, we devise an irregularity-aware multi-scale encoder to capture sparse clinical evidence at diverse temporal scales. Then, we propose a temporal evidence distiller to integrate representations across these scales and compress them into a small number of LLM-compatible tokens. Moreover, we introduce a progressive alignment strategy that sequentially aligns the irregular trajectories with the LLM's textual embedding space. To facilitate training, we construct 30,000 clinical time series paired with multi-scale descriptions, together with 41,000 instruction-tuning instances spanning 11 tasks. Using a 4-billion-parameter LLM backbone, ClinPRISM achieves state-of-the-art performance on the held-out evaluation benchmark while using only 16 time-series tokens and achieving an average inference latency of 0.15 seconds per question.

Abstract:Question answering (QA) over irregular clinical time series (ICTS) plays a pivotal role in a wide range of healthcare applications. Although recent multimodal time-series large language models (LLMs) have shown considerable promise in general-purpose time-series QA, they remain poorly equipped to model the sparsity, asynchrony, and irregular sampling patterns of clinical observations. To fill this gap, we propose ClinPRISM, a cost-effective multimodal LLM reasoning framework for question answering over ICTS data. First, we devise an irregularity-aware multi-scale encoder to capture sparse clinical evidence at diverse temporal scales. Then, we propose a temporal evidence distiller to integrate representations across these scales and compress them into a small number of LLM-compatible tokens. Moreover, we introduce a progressive alignment strategy that sequentially aligns the irregular trajectories with the LLM's textual embedding space. To facilitate training, we construct 30,000 clinical time series paired with multi-scale descriptions, together with 41,000 instruction-tuning instances spanning 11 tasks. Using a 4-billion-parameter LLM backbone, ClinPRISM achieves state-of-the-art performance on the held-out evaluation benchmark while using only 16 time-series tokens and achieving an average inference latency of 0.15 seconds per question.

Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI); Computation and Language (cs.CL)

arXiv:2607.25947 [cs.AI]

(or arXiv:2607.25947v1 [cs.AI] for this version)

https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2607.25947 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration)

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