A classical oracle separation between QMA and QMA(2)

Abstract:We exhibit a classical oracle relative to which QMA \neq QMA(2). The separation is based on a separable Hamiltonian problem defined by signed edge constraints on a graph. The YES instances have zero-energy product states, while the NO instances, constructed using the antisymmetric subspace, have entangled zero-energy states but no low-energy product states. For the QMA lower bound, we use compressed-oracle techniques to track the information learned by a quantum computation making few queries to a YES instance. The key step is to map the resulting superpositions of partial oracle records to the NO family without significantly changing the verifier's behavior.

arXiv:2610.06760 [quant-ph]

(or arXiv:2610.06760v1 [quant-ph] for this version)

https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2610.06760 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration)

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