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This study demonstrates a 3D-printed Paul trap capable of confining electrons at GHz frequencies while maintaining coherence times around 10 ms, a critical threshold for practical quantum information processing. By validating finite-element models against experimental surface roughness data, the researchers provide a scalable manufacturing pathway that reduces costs and simplifies laser access for future electron spin-qubit systems. The work bridges additive manufacturing techniques with high-frequency quantum control, offering a viable route toward more accessible and robust quantum hardware.
A 3D-Printed GHz Microwave-Resonator Paul Trap for Electron Confinement and Millisecond Spin-Qubit Coherence
arXiv:2610.08411v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We report a 3D-printed microwave-resonator Paul trap that operates at the GHz frequencies required for electron confinement while preserving an open geometry suitable for laser access and imaging ion Coulomb crystals. The resonator exhibits moderate quality factors of approximately 1000, enabling large confining electric-field amplitudes at low input power, and is in good agreement with finite-element-method (FEM) predictions despite manufacturing imperfections, which we experimentally characterize. The validated FEM model is then used to calculate the electromagnetic fields in the trapping region. These field distributions, together with surface-roughness measurements, are incorporated into a model of electron spin-qubit decoherence to estimate the coherence time. Our analysis predicts that electron spin-qubit coherence times on the order of 10 ms should be achievable under the assumption that motional heating is dominated by Johnson noise, making such systems relevant for quantum information processing. The method of obtaining the coherence time is applicable to any electron Paul trap.
Authors:Niklas V. Lausti (1), Vineet Kumar (1 and 2 and 3), Ivan Hudák (1 and 4), Jiří Hajnyš (5), Peter Kúš (1), Radek Plašil (1), Michal Hejduk (1) ((1) Charles University, (2) Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Biology, Osaka University, (3) Center for Quantum Engineering and Science, QuuQ, India, (4) Institute of Photonics and Electronics CAS, v.v.i., Czech Republic, (5) Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, VŠB - Technical University of Ostrava)
Abstract:We report a 3D-printed microwave-resonator Paul trap that operates at the GHz frequencies required for electron confinement while preserving an open geometry suitable for laser access and imaging ion Coulomb crystals. The resonator exhibits moderate quality factors of approximately 1000, enabling large confining electric-field amplitudes at low input power, and is in good agreement with finite-element-method (FEM) predictions despite manufacturing imperfections, which we experimentally characterize. The validated FEM model is then used to calculate the electromagnetic fields in the trapping region. These field distributions, together with surface-roughness measurements, are incorporated into a model of electron spin-qubit decoherence to estimate the coherence time. Our analysis predicts that electron spin-qubit coherence times on the order of 10 ms should be achievable under the assumption that motional heating is dominated by Johnson noise, making such systems relevant for quantum information processing. The method of obtaining the coherence time is applicable to any electron Paul trap.
Quantum Physics (quant-ph); Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
arXiv:2610.08411 [quant-ph]
(or arXiv:2610.08411v1 [quant-ph] for this version)
https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2610.08411 arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration)
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