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This research demonstrates that 2-fold Forrelation with specific promise gaps can be solved by polynomial-size QAC$^0$ circuits, establishing a natural separation between quantum and classical constant-depth circuit classes when inputs are provided explicitly rather than via oracles. The work advances our understanding of the computational power limits of shallow quantum circuits compared to their classical counterparts in standard input models.
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2-Fold Forrelation is in QAC$^0$

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arXiv:2609.07060v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We show that 2-fold Forrelation with inverse-polylogarithmic promise gap can be solved, with bounded error, by polynomial-size QAC$^0$ circuits. Unlike the standard oracle-based Forrelation algorithm, our circuits receive the input explicitly, in the same form as the AC$^0$ circuits against which Forrelation is known to be hard. At constant gap, this yields a natural promise-problem separation between QAC$^0$ and AC$^0$.

Abstract:We show that 2-fold Forrelation with inverse-polylogarithmic promise gap can be solved, with bounded error, by polynomial-size QAC$^0$ circuits. Unlike the standard oracle-based Forrelation algorithm, our circuits receive the input explicitly, in the same form as the AC$^0$ circuits against which Forrelation is known to be hard. At constant gap, this yields a natural promise-problem separation between QAC$^0$ and AC$^0$.

Quantum Physics (quant-ph); Computational Complexity (cs.CC)

arXiv:2609.07060 [quant-ph]

(or arXiv:2609.07060v1 [quant-ph] for this version)

https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2609.07060 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration)

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